Americans have all sort of rules and laws they follow, such as rules involving queuing (an art technique perfected in Singapore where the queue is king).
By contrast, Italians have very few rules and most of those can be broken. For example, in Italy, there is a minimum drinking age but it's not really respected. Situation changes entirely when it comes to food. Yes. Italians do have eating rules!
For example, my friend George from New York City once wanted to order a cafe latte with his Mexican meal - right in front of me!!! It took me a while to dissuade him... I hope no restaurant in Italy would ever allow its customers to have cappuccino together with pasta! I have never been brave enough to order pasta 'alle vongole' and cappuccino together to test this rule: if you have more courage than I do, try that combination and see what happens.
I just realized that Italy, the place where there are almost no rules (for example on the road where the only rule is you don't stay in the left lane on an autostrada except to pass), has in fact very strict eating rules.
The following rules are aimed to correct common American (unacceptable!) mistakes...
LUNCH / DINNER ORDER OF COURSES
Appetizers
Pasta
Meat / Fish (with vegetables or salad)
Salad
Cheese
Fruit
Sweets and coffee
Ammazzacaffe (Grappa or Amaro)
BREAKFAST
Even McDonald's in Italy serves cappuccino for breakfast. In Italy, forget eggs and bacon or sausages for breakfast except possibly in a hotel that caters to American or English tastes. Cappuccino and brioche are one of the few 'legal' options. Maybe a yogurt. Probably having tea is already pushing it too far...
Italian eating rules: for breakfast you can have cappuccino and cornetto, forget about sausages or eggs
LUNCH AND DINNER
No butter should be served to spread on your bread (I think it takes away from lunch anyway - I do not serve it when I cook).
What about dipping bread in oil? There's no harm with this in the course of a meal, but the bread-oil routine is not used as an appetizer. It has a tendency to fill you up and diminish your enjoyment of the meal.
No bread should be eaten together with pasta. This is a major no-no. At home here in the US, we make fresh bread when guests come... and you know hot bread is very attractive... after learning that this is what Barbarians would do, I resolved to serve bread only after pasta is gone from the table. Bread is only allowed near a pasta dish to do a good old fashioned "scarpetta," that is, to wipe the sauce off the plate and enjoy every last bit of it.
Have mineral water and or wine with your meal. Forget sodas or milk unless you are a teenager or small child. Ok, an exception can be made if you are eating pizza at lunch time, in which case sodas are ok.
The Italian main meal is traditionally multi-course: restaurants like to serve you first and second plates and do not appreciate it when Americans insist on having one thing (although they have been getting more used to it in recent times). But keep in mind that Italian portion sizes are smaller than American's, and the mixture they serve (pasta/rice first, followed by meat/fish/vegetables, followed by fruit) is a relatively healthy balance. You may get fewer calories and a healthier, more balanced meal by eating three courses in Italy, rather than one, giant entrée covered with cheese in the United States.
Fish-based pastas: traditionally, grated cheese is not added to fish-based meals. These rules have eroded somewhat, but you may still get a strange look if you ask for it.
Coffee may be drunk with fruit or desert but never with the main meal. In addition, traditionally coffees with milk (cappuccinos and lattes) are for breakfast. Lunch and dinner are followed by espressos, or, at most an espresso macchiato (this is a rule that my wife likes to break, but she likes to live dangerously and can talk back in Italian if someone challenges her).
Contrary to the perception of some, cinnamon does NOT go on cappuccinos or lattes. Chocolate/cocoa or whipped cream does. Go with the flow on this one, you'll have fun.
Food in Italy is pleasure and to be enjoyed in good company. This is the main eating rule in the country.
If you are eating at someone's home, there is still an expectation that you will eat everything on your plate. Again, this has changed somewhat over time, but leaving large amounts of food is still considered an insult tothe cook. But watch out for the clean plate problem: cleaning your plate too quickly can cause the home chef to refill it and expect another clean plate. Pace yourself!
Picking out the healthy food. Italians really object to Americans picking out the healthy vegetables and leaving them on the sides of the plate. Come on - try it! Italians are very good at cooking vegetables and you might actually like it (my young son loves spinach, string beans and other vegetables).
Salad dressing: Italians use olive oil and vinegar only, so do not expect ranch, thousand island or, worse yet "Italian" salad dressing. Grated parmesan is never used on lettuce.
Spaghetti: Italians (above 5 years of age) never cut their spaghetti. Well, Italians have been eating spaghetti all their life ... they should be able to roll it up on their fork easily. Once upon a time (mainly up to my grandfather's generation) the use of spoon to roll your fork on was common. However, it is not used anymore - the spoon is definitely out of fashion now.
NEVER use a knife when eating pasta, if you cut your pasta it then become impossible to twirl.
To eat spaghetti, you only use a fork (only small children use spoons to help them out). And, incidentally, there is no such thing as spaghetti alla bolognese (or bolognaise if you prefer the French spelling), it simply does not exist. You can, however, usually find pasta al ragù, which differs from region to region and, to be honest, from village to village.
Food in Italy is purely about one thing: pleasure. If you really don't like eating certain food, tell your host. Italians get far more upset about serving you something you hate than about you telling them you don't like something.
A quick tip on eating out in Italy for visitors: avoid any restaurant that has an English menu or that has photos on the menu. You will be served inferior or downright poor quality food, at a significantly higher price than average. As a rule of thumb, a pizza Margherita should cost no more than 7 euros, 8 at absolute most. The same goes for coffee bars - the average price of a cappuccino in Milan is Eur 1.40 - The average in Rome is about 1.20 (and you can get a truly excellent cappuccino for that price).
WINE
Traditionally, white wine goes with fish, red wine goes with meat. White wine is traditionally chilled, red wine (except for sparkling red) should be served at room temperature. I would never do what a friend of mine did: I brought over a bottle of Chianti to her house for dinner. She poured the wine in a pitcher and added ice. The shock lasted a long time.
Italian eating rule number 59: never, ever pour good wine into a jug and add ice cubes!
